Marketing Performance Review Marketing - 974 Words

Marketing Performance Review Marketing Director to report quarterly on marketing strategies implemented by aligning business outcomes, i.e. units sold, during review period against prior set targets. Also to be considered is direction and influence marketing strategies have on company vision of being a ‘local, organic and sustainable’ producer, i.e. is marketing through large retailers detracting from public opinion that Alissa’s Artichokes is a local producer. Metrics to be reported: Activity Wholesale Large Retail Online Restaurants Number of events/ markets attended. Number of retailers currently stocking goods. Number of current online ‘grocers’ stocking products. Number of restaurant currently supplied. Output Wholesale Large Retail Online Restaurants Number of each produce unit sold at each event. Number of each produce unit sold at each retailer. Number of each produce unit sold. Number of each produce unit sold at each venue. Number of re-orders. Number of recipes featured in. Number of re-orders. Website visits. Operational Wholesale Large Retail Online Restaurants Net profit of each unit sale Net profit of each unit sale Net profit of each unit sale Net profit of each unit sale Brand Effect Brand Effect Brand Effect Brand Effect Cross sales of multiple product lines Cross sales of multiple product lines Cross sales of multiple product lines Cross sales of multiple product lines Overall Business Outcome Wholesale Large Retail Online RestaurantsShow MoreRelatedStandardization in International Marketing Strategy Is Doomed to Failure: Literature Review and Methodological Critique1577 Words   |  7 PagesStandardization in International Marketing Strategy is doomed to failure: Literature review and methodological critique. 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The Principles of Corporate Finance - 1202 Words

THE PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE FINANCE CHAPTER 1: The time value of money We are going to link the present and the future by using the notion of interest rate that could be called discount rate, required rate of return or cost of capital. Finance is all about cash flows but more precisely about the exact date of the realization of the cash flow. I) PRESENT VALUE Example 1: What is the value today of $110 to be received in one year? - suppose the interest rate , r =10% - if you had the money today you could : o put in the bank at 19% o wait one year o receive PV * (1,10) = $110 - PV = $110/(1,10) = $100 We can’t compare cash flows of different maturities†¦show more content†¦Unsecured: Senior bonds are paid before junior bonds). However unsecured paid higher rate of return. ââ€" ª Fixed rate and floating rate ââ€" ª Call options ââ€" ª Put options ââ€" ª Convertible ( options that you have to exchange) and with warrants (similar to a bond it is a stock option give the right to purchase the underline number of chairs , bonds†¦) Valuing Bonds ââ€" ª Determine the Cash flow for each date ââ€" ª Determine the appropriate discount rate for each cash flow ââ€" ª Determine each cash flow for the appropriate number of periods ââ€" ª Take the sum If the required rate of return goes up the price goes down. 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PV = 432/1.15 + 137/(1.152) + 797/(1.153) = 376 + 104 + 524 = $1,003 5. FV = 100*1.158 = $305.90 6. NPV = -1,548 + 138/.09 = -14.67 (cost today plus the present value of the perpetuity) 7. PV = 4/(.14-.04) = $40 8. a. PV = 1/.10 = $10 b. Since the perpetuityRead MoreCorporate Finance Core Principles and Applications Chapter 817715 Words   |  71 Pagesentirely with equity, another project could be financed with debt, and the firm’s overall capital structure would remain unchanged, financing costs are not relevant in the analysis of a project’s incremental cash flows according to the stand-alone principle. 7. The EAC approach is appropriate when comparing mutually exclusive projects with different lives that will be replaced when they wear out. This type of analysis is necessary so that the projects have a common life span over which they can beRead MoreCorporate Performance Evaluation : Carlos Strong. 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A Story About My Mother Free Essays

Vu Lan celebration is coming, on websites there are many written works about mother. They are simple but meaningful and reminded me of my mother. Accordingly, I want to share with everyone my story-a long one to tell†¦ When I was a child, I always imagined my mother as a serious and frightening woman. We will write a custom essay sample on A Story About My Mother or any similar topic only for you Order Now She was constantly forcing me to stay at home whereas my friend can freely go out and enjoy their childhood. That’s not fair!!! There was a question that kept haunting my mind â€Å"Is she exactly my mother? † . I think that I found the answer after that story. One time, being too passionate about games with my friends, I forgot to come back home, making my parents extremely worry and find me everywhere. Finding out me in the yard with my friends, she furiously shouted at me and hit me in front of all my friends including the boy that I liked. It is too ashamed! I did not have dinner and kept myself in my room on that day. During that night, instead of sleeping, I planned to revenge my mother in the next days. In the following day,as usual she went to work and left me alone at home . However, this time I decided not to stay alone in that boring house. Fortunately, I came across a tiny hole in the window, which was small enough for my little friends to creep into. Being too happy, we play many games one by one. Suddenly, I had an accident while I was playing skipping with my mother’s scraft, leading to my chin’s blooding. I was very afraid no matter how much my friends encouraged me. I cried so much my friends had to find the help of my neighbor. He immediately informed my mother. â€Å" This time surely my mother will hit me seriously† I thought that. Especially when I heard the sound of her motorbike, my heart beat faster to wait my mother’s punishment. Nevertheless, everything was totally unexpected. Right after the door had been opened, the scene I saw was not her furious eyes but her eyes with continuously dropping tears. My mother hurriedly ran to me and embraced me tightly. I could not forget those eye. I feel that my mother was also painful like me. That was the moment I realized her invaluable love for me. Until now I learned that mother’s love is not just pampering but the strict as well and that mother is the one love us the most. How to cite A Story About My Mother, Essay examples

My Life Struggle free essay sample

My life story summed up is a story of; survival, culture, love, hate, compassion, family values, triumphs, and failures. Growing up in the south side of Chicago was harsh. I became used to hearing police sirens and ambulances rushing to the hospital on a daily basis. Gun shots would wake me up in the middle of the night instead of nightmares of the boogey man. With only the basic necessities a family could attain, the idea to pursue an education wasn’t always a definite subject because we couldn’t financially afford it. I’ve had a lot of experiences that have set me back from believing in my dreams but I have always had people in my life that have supported me. During my life there has been a significant person that has greatly changed me into becoming more altruistic. This person is my mother. My mother has been a great influence in my life. We will write a custom essay sample on My Life Struggle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A couple months ago, I competed in the Mexican Civic Society beauty pageant because I was informed there was going to be scholarships awarded to the winners. I saw this as an opportunity to help me with college. Halfway through the competition, I started to feel uncertainty in myself because I felt I couldn’t manage the stress. I was studying for the ACT at school and still trying to cope with the pageant’s responsibilities. When it seemed I was down on the rocks, about to drop out of the competition, my mother insisted for me to continue but to also study in order to do well on my ACT. On the final day of the competition, as I was standing on stage to hear the winners, my heart was pounding with anxiety. When I heard my name as First Princess, I immediately looked for my mother in the audience. When I finally seen her face, I felt a surge of accomplishment. The look in my mother’s eyes will be a visual I will never forget. Her eyes filled with tears of joy. My mother was proud of me. She deserves more than recognition because she has always supported me. She is the reason why I continue making positive choices every day. She has also taught me to always help others in need not only myself. A way in which I learned more about myself was through The National Hispanic Institute, a leadership program for high school students. After some time of being part of the Institute, I realized I had finally become a great speaker. I still remember giving a speech in front of two hundred people. The â€Å"knot† in my stomach would only get worse after anticipating the fact of going up there. When I finally got up there in front of the microphone, I let go of all my fears and instead I smiled. My confidence strived and I did a great job because I believed in myself. I gained more confidence every time I debated against other students. I overcame my fear of public speaking. My most important goal in life has been to exceed beyond others’ expectations. I have always tried hard in school to get good grades because my family always instilled the belief of education being a key factor. My dedication to my family and education has differentiated me from others. Ultimately, if it wasn’t for mother and the National Hispanic Institute, the direction of my life because of the decisions I would have made would have gone down â€Å"the road less traveled by†, in other words the easy way out. I’m one of the very few who continues to persevere through the obstacles because the ambition to be successful keeps me trying.

25 Synonyms for Expression

25 Synonyms for Expression 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Expression† 25 Synonyms for â€Å"Expression† By Mark Nichol Many words can be employed to refer to an expression. Most, as you’ll see, are true synonyms of one or more others, but a few have specific (and sometimes unique) connotations. Here are the synonyms and their senses: 1. Adage (from the Latin adagium, â€Å"proverb†) An often metaphorical observation: â€Å"The early bird gets the worm.† 2. Aphorism (from the Greek aphorismos, â€Å"definition†) A principle concisely stated: â€Å"Less is more.† 3. Apothegm (from Greek apophthegma, derived from apophthengesthai, â€Å"to speak out†) An instructive comment: â€Å"Cleanliness is next to godliness.† 4. Banality (from the French banal, â€Å"commonplace†) A trite comment: â€Å"You get what you pay for.† 5. Bromide (from the word for a compound, made in part from the element bromine, used as a sedative) A hackneyed statement: â€Å"We have to work together.† 6. Byword A proverb, or a frequently used word or phrase: â€Å"You can get more flies with honey than with vinegar.† 7. Chestnut (from the Greek kastanea, â€Å"chestnut†) A stale saying or story: â€Å"There’s no such thing as a free lunch.† 8. Clichà © (from the French word for â€Å"stereotype†) An overly familiar expression: â€Å"Keep the faith† (or an overdone theme, like moviedom’s manic pixie dream girl). 9. Commonplace (from the Latin locus communis, â€Å"widely applicable argument†) An obvious but often tiresome or unfortunate comment: â€Å"What goes around comes around† (or a trite phenomena, such as drivers sending text messages). 10. Epigram (from the Greek epigramma, derived from epigraphein, â€Å"to write on†) A concise and wise and/or clever saying: Time is money.† 11. Homily (from the Latin homilia, â€Å"conversation†) a catchphrase (or sermon) meant to inspire: â€Å"To err is human; to forgive divine.† 12. Maxim (from the Latin maxima, the superlative of magnus, â€Å"large†) A rule or principle: â€Å"A watched pot never boils.† 13. Moral (from the Latin moralis, â€Å"custom†) The lesson of an instructive story: â€Å"Be satisfied with what you have.† 14. Motto (from the Latin muttire, â€Å"mutter†) A statement of a principle: â€Å"Be prepared.† 15. Platitude (from the French plat, â€Å"dull†) A banal remark: â€Å"Blondes have more fun.† 16. Precept (from the Latin praeceptum, â€Å"something taken before†) A statement of a rule: â€Å"Thou shalt not kill.† 17. Principle (from the Latin principium, â€Å"beginning†) A law or rule of conduct: â€Å"It is better to give than to receive.† 18. Proverb (from the Latin proverbium, from pro-, â€Å"for† or â€Å"to,† and verbum, â€Å"word†) A direct synonym for adage, byword, epigram, and maxim. 19. Saw (from the Old English sagu, â€Å"discourse†) A maxim or proverb, often referred to with some condescension: â€Å"You’ve heard that old saw about how to get healthy, wealthy, and wise.† 20. Saying An adage: â€Å"Let sleeping dogs lie.† 21. Sententia (from the Latin word for â€Å"feeling, opinion†) A brief expression of a principle: â€Å"To thine own self be true.† 22. Shibboleth (from the Hebrew word for â€Å"stream,† described in the Bible as a word used, by its pronunciation, to distinguish speakers of one region for another) A widely held belief: â€Å"Time heals all wounds.† 23. Slogan (from Scottish Gaelic sluagh-ghairm, â€Å"war cry†) A statement of a position or goal: â€Å"Say what you mean, and mean what you say† (or an advertising statement: â€Å"We will not be undersold!†). 24. Trope (from Latin tropos, â€Å"turn,† â€Å"way,† â€Å"manner,† â€Å"style†) A common figure of speech: â€Å"Not that there’s anything wrong with that† (or a trite theme, as the climactic duel in a western movie). 25. Truism An obvious truth: â€Å"You can’t win them all.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire You"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?How Do You Fare?

Aquinas Five Ways Essays

Aquinas Five Ways Essays Aquinas Five Ways Essay Aquinas Five Ways Essay St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Selection from his Summa theologiae (Summary of theology), ca. 1268 Part 1, question 2, article 3 (sometimes abbreviated ST 1.2.3) Available online: newadvent.org/summa/1002.htm#3 The writing style and presentation of the medieval philosophers and theologians is quite different from how essays are written today. Thomas begins by introducing a topic (called the Questionâ„ ¢), which in this case is the existence of a God. He then examines a number of more specific issues or questions within that topic (called the Articlesâ„ ¢). Below we are looking only at the third article in this Question, the issue of whether God exists. Thomasâ„ ¢s method of presentation is to consider various positions or views on that issue; these are positions he will ultimately reject, and so he calls them Objectionsâ„ ¢ to his thesis. (Again, the objections below are not Thomasâ„ ¢s position; they are positions popular or otherwise known during his day.) After the objections are presented, Thomas presents a contrary view, usually called the Sed Contraâ„ ¢, which is the latin for what is translated below as On the Contrary. Again, this is not Thomasâ„ ¢s position; i t is just a contrary position to show that debate exists on the issue at hand. Next, Thomas gives his own position on the matter, called the Respondeo, which is the latin for what is translated below as I answer that. When Thomas says I answer that he is giving his own considered position on the issue. Here below, he presents his view of the Five Ways to show that a God exists. Finally, Thomas offers replies to the original Objections, considering them in light of the position he endorses. Question 2: The Existence of God Article 3. Whether God exists Objection 1. It seems that God does not exist; because if one of two contraries be infinite, the other would be altogether destroyed. But the word Godâ„ ¢ means that He is infinite goodness. If, therefore, God existed, there would be no evil discoverable; but there is evil in the world. Therefore God does not exist. Objection 2. Further, it is superfluous to suppose that what can be accounted for by a few principles has been produced by many. But it seems that everything we see in the world can be accounted for by other principles, supposing God did not exist. For all natural things can be reduced to one principle which is nature; and all voluntary things can be reduced to one principle which is human reason, or will. Therefore there is no need to suppose Godâ„ ¢s existence. On the contrary, It is said in the person of God: I am Who am. (Exodus 3:14) I answer that, The existence of God can be shown in five ways. The first and more manifest way is the argument from motion. It is certain, and evident to our senses, that in the world some things are in motion. Now whatever is in motion is put in motion by another, for nothing can be in motion except it is in potentiality to that towards which it is in motion; whereas a thing moves inasmuch as it is in act. For motion is nothing else than the reduction of something from potentiality to actuality. But nothing can be reduced from potentiality to actuality, except by something in a state of actuality. Thus that which is actually hot, as fire, makes wood, which is potentially hot, to be actually hot, and thereby moves and changes it. Now it is not possible that the same thing should be at once in actuality and potentiality in the same respect, but only in different respects. For what is actually hot cannot simultaneously be potentially hot; but it is simultaneously potentially cold. It is therefore impossible that in the same respect and in the same way a thing should be both mover and moved, i.e. that it should move itself. Therefore, whatever is in motion must be put in motion by another. If that by which it is put in motion be itself put in motion, then this also must needs be put in motion by another, and that by another again. But this cannot go on to infinity, because then there would be no first mover, and, consequently, no other mover; seeing that subsequent movers move only inasmuch as they are put in motion by the first mover; as the staff moves only because it is put in motion by the hand. Therefore it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, put in motion by no other; and this everyone understands to be God. The second way is from the nature of the efficient cause. In the world of sense we find there is an order of efficient causes. There is no case known (neither is it, indeed, possible) in which a thing is found to be the efficient cause of itself; for so it would be prior to itself, which is impossible. Now in efficient causes it is not possible to go on to infinity, because in all efficient causes following in order, the first is the cause of the intermediate cause, and the intermediate is the cause of the ultimate cause, whether the intermediate cause be several, or only one. Now to take away the cause is to take away the effect. Therefore, if there be no first cause among efficient cause, there will be no ultimate, nor any intermediate cause. But if in efficient cause it is possible to go on to infinity, there will be no first efficient cause, neither will there be an ultimate effect, nor any intermediate efficient cause; all of which is plainly false. Therefore it is necessary to admit a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the name of God. The third way is taken from possibility and necessity, and runs thus. We find in nature things that are possible to be and not to be, since they are found to be generated, and to corrupt, and consequently, they are possible to be and not to be. But it is impossible for these always to exist, for that which is possible not to be at some time is not. Therefore, if everything is possible not to be, then at one time there could have been nothing in existence. Now if this were true, even now there would be nothing in existence, because that which does not exist only begins to exist by something already existence. Therefore, if at one time nothing was in existence, it would have been impossible for anything to have begun to exist; and thus even now nothing would be in existence† which is absurd. Therefore, not all beings are merely possible, but there must exist something the existence of which is necessary. But every necessary thing either has its necessity caused by another, or not . Now it is impossible to go on to infinity in necessary things which have their necessity caused by another, as has been already proved in regard to efficient causes. Therefore we cannot but postulate the existence of some being having of itself its own necessity, and not receiving it from another, but rather causing in others their necessity. This all men speak of as God. The fourth way is taken from the gradation to be found in things. Among beings there are some more and some less good, true, noble and the like. But moreâ„ ¢ and lessâ„ ¢ are predicated of different things, according as they resemble in their different ways something which is the maximum, as a thing is said to be hotter according as it more nearly resembles that which is hottest; so that there is something which is truest, something best, something noblest and, consequently, something which is uttermost being; for those things that are greatest in truth are greatest in being, as it is written in [Aristotleâ„ ¢s] Metaphysics II. Now the maximum in any genus is the cause of all in that genus; as fire, which is the maximum heat, is the cause of all hot things. Therefore there must also be something which is to all beings the cause of their being, goodness, and every other perfection; and this we call God. The fifth way is taken from the governance of the world. We see that things which lack intelligence, such as natural bodies, act for an end, and this is evident from their acting always, or nearly always, in the same way, so as to obtain the best result. Hence it is plain that not fortuitously, but designedly, do they achieve their end. Now whatever lacks intelligence cannot move towards an end, unless it be directed by some being endowed with knowledge and intelligence; as the arrow is shot to its mark by the archer. Therefore some intelligent being exists by whom all natural things are directed to their end; and this being we call God. Reply to Objection 1. As Augustine says (Enchiridion xi): Since God is the highest good, He would not allow any evil to exist in His works, unless His omnipotence and goodness were such as to bring good even out of evil. This is part of the infinite goodness of God, that He should allow evil to exist, and out of it produce good. Reply to Objection 2. Since nature works for a determinate end under the direction of a higher agent, whatever is done by nature must needs be traced back to God, as to its first cause. So also whatever is done voluntarily must also be traced back to some higher cause other than human reason or will, since these can change or fail; for all things that are changeable and capable of defect must be traced back to an immovable and self-necessary first principle, as was shown in the body of the Article.

Research Paper- Analyzing a contract Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

- Analyzing a contract - Research Paper Example This particular contract is being used so as to act as a formal agreement between the tenants or flat mates sharing the house as guidelines on how to meet the costs of staying in the house. The contract is also being used in policies and regulations pertaining to the stay in the house. There are third parties involved in this contract. One of them is the landlord of the flats and house being shared. His or her role is to oversee that the agreements signed by the parties involved are in favor of his flats and houses. The other flat mates not in this agreement may also act as witnesses to the contract in case of breach. This flat or house sharing agreement is governed by the law of tenancy. For example, the law stipulates that the premise belongs to the landlord and he or she reserves the right of acceptance of the tenants. The landlord owes the tenant security and care while staying in his or her premises. However, the tenants cannot sublet the premise unless stated otherwise in the t enancy agreement. The laws indicated in the Residential and Tenancies Act 1986 governs this contract. The laws and regulations governing tenancy applies in this contract fully. The flat or house sharing agreement will observe the Residential and Tenancies Act 1986 since the agreement lies in that act. ... t payable by each party, the bond to be paid to the head tenant and other terms such as; the termination of the agreement, receipt of notice room the landlord, keeping of pets within the premise, expenses of telephone toll, expenses of electricity, food, gas, water and other bills received, removal of any fixtures or chattels from the premises, the fate of the agreement, and what happens in the event of a dispute. These terms applies to all the parties at equal capacity without any discrimination of a party. Any party who breaches any of these terms is treated equally if the other also fails to observe any of the terms. Factors that lead to the termination of the contract are also highlighted in the contract making it a very fair agreement to all the parties involved as well as the third parties. The flat or house sharing agreement is completely integrated on the details that pertain to the nature of such contract. The contract in question has all the parole evidence that may be used to question the issues of the contract. Some of those evidences include the identity details of the parties, the address of the rental property and premise, the terms and conditions governing the sharing of the premise, as well as the parties involved which indicate their commitment to the contract. The third parties such as the landlord shows that the agreement has a parole of evidence and is fully integrated with all the element of a contract such as the informed consent of the parties involved, the witness, the capacity of the parties, the terms are also clearly indicated as well as the personal details of the parties. This contract of the flat or house sharing agreement allows for the assign ability of rights of the parties involved in this case the flat mate and the head tenant. The

Are we really justified by Faith Research Paper

Are we really justified by Faith - Research Paper Example As he lived his life, he attempted to prove his faith by acts, and works. But he realized that that was not saving him. As he read through scripture, he came to terms with the fact that he is justified by his faith. What he believes, and his faith in God, will bring him to fruition. In Genesis 15:6, we see that Abraham believed in the Lord and because of his belief, he was made righteous. The word righteous here means just or fair. Because of Abraham’s belief, he was considered to be a righteous man. It did not matter what he did as a person, what mattered was his belief in God. Though he was born again, his works was not what saved him. God accepted Abraham not because he lived a life of perfection, but because he believed and he responded to God’s promises. This particular verse was mentioned three different times in the New Testament as proof of the importance of faith in one’s salvation. It was quoted in Romans, Galatians and also in James. Even in the Old Te stament it is clear that God looked for faith and not moral perfection. Abraham also demonstrates great faith in his offering of his son in Genesis 22:1-18. He blindly obeys God’s command until God forbids him. God spares Abraham’s son because of his obedience to him. ... First God commands things into existence. Then he creates a logical division. After, he names it and last but not least, he evaluates it. This is a pattern that is seen throughout normal life. In teaching, you tell the student what to do, you give instructions, you point out the good/bad and then you evaluate the assignment based on its performance. Faith believes that things will turn out the way it is supposed to at the right time. Justification is like being clothed in divine righteousness. When you think about the book of Exodus, you tend to lean on the changes that are occurring in the Bible. The exodus was a major time period when the Israelites left one area to go to the next. The term is widely used as reference to different things such as a â€Å"leaving† or â€Å"departing† in a simple every day scenario. In Romans, you see an Exodus from slavery. Due to the nature of the people living during the Bible times, slavery was not considered an act of infringement. Instead, it was accepted and there was a simple hierarchy that everyone became familiar with. Without this hierarch, like capitalism in the United States, a society was very incapable of functioning on a higher level. Terry Virgo, a Christian Pastor looks at Christian freedom of slavery from sin. This indeed is in part a form of exodus, a practice justified by the government during those times. Justification is the legal act where God declares the sinner to be innocent of his or her sin. It does not mean that the particular sinner is sinless; it just means that God â€Å"declares† him sinless. This declaration of righteousness is what it means to be justified by God and faith. This justification can only be made clear because of Jesus’ shed blood. Without the shed blood of

Criminal and civil law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal and civil law - Research Paper Example In this study, the difference between the civil and criminal court principles, administration, procedures and types of cases in Ontario will be compared and contrast. As part of going through the main discussion, examples of cases that occurred in Ontario since 2005 will be provided in this paper. In principles, criminal law in Ontario includes acts that is proven to cause intentional harm to another person or other people’s property whereas civil law involves either disputes between two people or negligent acts that could end up causing harm to another person (Canadian Superior Courts Judges Association, 2010 a). A good example of criminal law under the classification of burglary is the act of breaking into the home of another person with the intention to commit a felony (Lippman, 2010, p. 420). In line with this, the main purpose of criminal law is to protect the society’s peace and order (Sixth Sense, 2010). Civil law aims to protect the interest of private individuals by upholding the rights of each person (Jenkins, 2011, p. 320; Sixth Sense, 2010). Unlike criminal law which involves the act of causing intentional harm to another person, civil law involves the argument between two people or any form of negligent acts which may end up causing harm to another person. These arguments can arise out of misunderstanding or disagreement over the ownership of land or buildings, dismissal of employee, bounced checks, or unresolved financial debts (FDIC, 2010). Aside from simple family law cases such as divorce, division of conjugal properties, spousal and child support, parental responsibility for a child or the distribution of estates of deceased person; professional negligence and malpractice that could have resulted to physical injury or damages to another person is also categorized under civil court cases (Canadian Superior Courts Judges Association, 2010 a). Since criminal offenses are made against the security and safety of the

Causes Of The Russian Revolution History Essay

Causes Of The Russian Revolution History Essay Before 1905, Russia was a country that was led by a Czar who held full power and control over the country and its inhabitants. The people of the country suffered greatly under the regime of the many of the Czars through reforms, incompetence and general disregard of the needs of the people. Repression and unrest with the peasants in Russia were the cause on the 1905 Russian Revolution. There were many causes of the 1905 Russian Revolution in which some can be traced back to 1861 under the rule of Czar Alexander II and his series of reforms, such as, the Emancipation of the serfs, and creating the Zemstva1. The Emancipation of the serfs was a reform which allowed serfs the freedom of civil rights and allowed them to own land2. There were many problems with this reform. The peasants paid more money to the monarchy than they did to landlords, and nobles kept the best lands for themselves resulting in the peasants to have land which was difficult to farm3. The reform, which was intended to help the peasants and help industrialize the country, did not actually help the peasants at all but increased their impoverish state. With an increase of population, land prices rose while income wages were kept low4. With the growth of Industrialization, the peasants were forced to find jobs in factories, and with the building of railways they were able to travel great distances for work5. This aided in an increase in literacy as items such as books and news papers were more accessible to peasants. The governmental body, the Zemstava was established in 1864 and held responsibilities such as social welfare6. The Zemstava consisted of intellects such as doctors, teachers, nurses and lawyers who often opposed intellectual values of the state. Some members of the Zemstava even had thought of a constitutional monarchy in place of a ruling Czar7. Due to these liberal changes where elected people we given some power, people began to think they could question the authority of the Czar. These reforms, along with other reforms, were still not solving the problems for the people within Russia. The people were still quite discontented and within intellectual classes and secret societies began to for8. When Alexander II died in 1881, his son Alexander III took the throne. In 1891 a great famine occurred, due to rapid industrial growth. During this crisis the Czar displayed incompetence and ill regard towards the peasants that made up the majority of the Russian population9. The government attempted to deal with the famine and mass starvation, but was slowed down by its bureaucracy and a transportation system that was unable to cope10. Politically, it was a disaster as it presented the government as irresponsible, torpid and incompetent. There were many instances that perceived the government as uncaring, as such; widespread rumors of food deliveries being held back until statistical proof was given11 showing the people were unable to feed themselves, often too late for actual help; relief work schemes set up to employ peasantry who where on their death beds; and the removal and quarantine of people who had contracted cholera, which resulted in riots from the public12. The biggest m istake the government made was the postponement of cereal exports which did not come into effect until late into the crisis. The respite of the ban was seen by the people as the main cause of the famine13. Not only did the government fail to help the people, but it was also forbidden for newspapers to publicly name the problem, even though they printed the stories anyway. November 1891, the government finally issued an imperial order asking for volunteers to help with the crisis they were unable to deal with14. Once the crisis had passed, the people no longer trusted the government as the regime had been discredited with its inability to help the people when the people were suffering. The public began to press for a greater role in the affairs of the nation. Social groups began to reappear with great enthusiasm15. Only Marxism seemed able to explain the causes of the famine and began to become a national ideology. The 1890s seemed to become a decade of social change within the emergence of civil society that opposed the czarist state. This seems to be a condition of the upcoming revolution16. It would also seem that in 1894 when Czar Nicholas II ascended the thrown, he would lead a regime that was doomed to failure with all the problems the nation was having. This was all made worse by the loss of the Russo-Japanese war of 1904, the depression and the beliefs of the people that they were not being treated well17. Under the rule of Nicholas II, the people believed they were not being treated as human beings18 as cities grew rapidly and people were forced to live in daunting and unhealthy conditions Many people suffered from debt they were unable to rise out of, and they were exploited within their jobs. In the early 1900s depression set in and many Russians became unemployed. With the Russo-Japanese war in effect, wheat exports to the far west were stopped and the economy suffered as the Czar refused to change.19 In 1902-1903, peasant revolts became more common as strikes increased. The opposition to the Czarist state, the Social Democratic parties, the Bolsheviks, the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries, became more organized. However, these groups were often not trusted by the workers who supported mutual aid schemes devised by other workers20. The governmental scheme, the Zubatov movement was successful as it provided workers with a legal platform for protesting and allowing occasional strikes. The success of the movement worried the government about worker loyalty to the Tzar and it was shut down21. However, one still existed in 1904, led by Father George Gapon, The Assembly of Russian Working Men. At first this group was focused on forming clubs and such activities, but as time went on they became more radical. The catalyst, which led to the march on Bloody Sunday, was sparked by four members of Father Gapons association being fired from their jobs22. It expanded to a strike of over 100 000 people stopping work on 7 January 190523. The demands, the right to elect permanent representatives in factories, an eight hour work day, better wages, free medical care and access to education, were typical worker demands. The workers wanted to be treated as people with more equality, justice and dignity within the work place and end issues such as sexual harassment and ill treatment. On January 7 Father Gapon was ordered to put an end to the march. Even if he had wanted to, it would have been impossible as the people were ready to die for this cause24. Bloody Sunday was final blow to the Russian people who after this day fully revolted against the Tsarist state. 150 000 people marched on the Winter Palace. They marched singing Hymns and patriotic songs in a peaceful state of mind.25 The people believed they would present their problems to the Tzar, and the Tzar, having an obligation to the people, would help end their miseries and solve the problems they desperately wanted solved. However, the Tzar was not even at his traditional home as he had left for some quiet time and reflection with his family26. What was intended as the people of the nation coming to their Tzar in peaceful display for help turned into a day of massacre. During the night 12 000 soldiers were dispersed through the city in anticipation of the march and to prevent marchers from reaching the palace. As the marchers approached the Narva Gates, they were faced with the guns of the waiting infantry27. The soldiers fired two warning shots and a third gun was aimed directly at the crowd. The people panicked and some of the marchers dispersed, but most dropped to the ground. The soldiers, who were nervous, also panicked and open fired into the crowd. Estimations of the death toll ranged between 150-200 people, while 450-800 people were estimated as being injured.28 In the middle of the chaos, Father Gapon was heard exclaiming There is no God any longer. There is no Tzar.29 After the display of ill regard towards the peasants during the march, people, much in anger, continued to strike against the regime. In January over 400 000 workers participated in a workers strike across the country. However, without an organized leader, they did not result in much success. It was known by many that that the events of Bloody Sunday where just the beginning as shown in a letter by a student named Kerensky: I am sorry not to have written to you earlier, but we have been living here in such a state of shock that it was impossible to write. Oh, these awful days in Peter will remain forever in the memories of the people who lived them. Now there is silence, but it is also the silence before the storm. Both sides are preparing and reviewing their own forces. Only one side can prevail. Either the demands of society will be satisfied (i.e. a freely elected legislature of peoples representatives) or there will be a bloody and terrible conflict, no doubt ending in the victory of the reaction. 30 Throughout 1905, peasants continued to participate in strikes. May of 1905 is significant within the strikes as it was the the first time a strike committee called themselves soviets.31 70 000 were involved in the strike and and took charge of local military and political operations.32 This was achieved through non-official elections held throughout Russia in the beginning of creating the soviets.33 As the people rebelled, cases of arson on gentry land increased, and land seizures occurred. People from all types of work joined unions that organized massive strikes. The people began to call for a constitution.34 In September unrest continued to escalate. The All Russian Peasant Union to over 100 000 members in 42 provinces. By this time Lenin was an active member and encourage the people to fight an uninterrupted revolution that might convene until socialism was established.35On October 17 1905 the Czar issued the October Manifesto. This reform offered civil liberties, a state Duma an d a cancellation of peasant redemption payments36. As well, a large amount of land was sold to the peasant bank for resale to peasants with easy terms. However, the Manifesto did not seem to help. Provincial leaders began to complain that the peasants took the promises of the Manifesto and seized lands as the peasants still resisted tradition authority37 The people continued to revolt. In November, the country was in full rioting. By December of 1905 army mutinies began to take affect in cities and in Odessa on the Potemkin battleship. However, by this time, the government began to repress the strikes by force. Punishments, such as public floggings and the burning of peasant villages were becoming common. Between October 1905 and March 1906, The number of strikes receded from 450 000 to 50 000 soviet strikes.38 In November, The All Russian Peasants Union met in Moscow. The Union delegates demanded a few things such as a constitutional assembly and the transfer of all landed property. The Financial Manifesto of December 1905 was signed, which called for a mass refusal to pay taxes and a demand by depositors for payments39. The regime responded by arresting the delegates. A congress of Zemstva and Town Duma representatives met and to organize a proposal to the government to restore order to the nation. The proposal was made of agrarian and legal reforms. Soon things began to settle down and people began to lose interest40. There were many causes of the 1905 Russian Revolution as the people suffered under the regime of a Czar. Reforms,such as the Emancipation of the Serfs, creation of the Zemstva aided in the beginning of the road to revolution. Issues were intensified and the Czar showed incompetence and ill regard towards the peasants in the famine of 1891. These issues caused a lot of unrest within the peasant population of the Russian regime. The catalyst of Bloody Sunday and the response of repression through the massacre sent the country into a series of mass revolt that made up the revolution. Czar Nicholas IIs repressive response was met with more rebellion from the inhabitants of the country. It wasnt until the government and Duma officials came a an agreement accepted by the regime and the people that the revolution of 1905 came to an end. However, through all these issues it remains evident that the main cause of the 1905 Russian Revolution was caused by the repression and unrest of the peasa nts. 1 Maureen Perrie, The Russian Peasant movement of 1905-1907: Its social composition and revolutionary significance Past and Present 57 (Nov., 197):123-155 2 Perrie, 123-155 3Perrie, 123-155 4Perrie, 123-155T 5Perrie, 123-155 6Perrie, 123-155 7Perrie, 123-155 8Perrie, 123-155 9Orlando Figes, A Peoples Tragedy: Russian Revolution 1891-1924 (Great Britain: Jonathon Cape, Random House, 1996), 157 10Figes, 158 11Figes, 158 12Figes, 158 13Figes, 158 14Figes, 159 15Figes, 161 16Beryl Williams, 1905 Russia History Today 55.5 (May 2005) : p. 44-48 17Williams, 44-48 18Williams, 44-48 19Williams, 44-48 20Williams, 44-48 21Williams, 44-48 22Williams, 44-48 23Williams, 44-48 24Williams, 44-48 25Williams, 44-48 26Williams, 44-48 27Williams, 44-48 28Orlando, 178 29Orlando, 177 30Orlando, 180 31Eric R Wolf, Peasant wars of the twentieth century (United States of America: First Harper Torchbook, 1969), p.85 32Wolf, 85 33Robert Service, The Russian Revolution, 1900-1927 () p.31-32 34Service, 33 35Esther Kingston-Mann, Lenin and the challenge of Peasant Militance: From Bloody Sunday, 1905 to the dissolution of the first Duma, Russian Review, 38.5 (Oct, 1979) pp. 434-455 36Kingston-Mann, 434-455 37Kingston-Mann, 434-455 38Wolf, 87 39Kingston-Mann, 434-455 40Kingston-Mann, 434-455

mood, substance, and personality disorders Essay -- essays research pa

Mood, Substance, and Personality Disorders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do you know a person that has sudden mood swings? Do you wonder why they act like they do? Their actions could be a result of a type of mood disorder. Mood disorders are part of the Axis One disorders that are found in the DSM IV. Axis One is all categories of disorders except for personality disorders. People who have mood disorders are diagnosed to have a pattern of severe depressive and manic episodes. One major mood disorder that will be discussed is bipolar disorder. People who are bipolar tend to have episodes of both mania and depression, sometime by themselves or sometimes mixed. Some of the symptoms are a very active social life, rapid speech, racing thoughts, lack of sleep and no concern about losing sleep, false belief of having special talents, and the inability to keep one’s attention focused. Bipolar is equally as common in men and in women. However, depressive episodes are more common for women with the disorder than for men. Because of the seriousness of this disorder it is important that it is professionally treated. If the disorder is not treated or if treatment is discontinued, a person can become impaired or extremely symptomatic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Richard Gere plays the main character in the movie Mr. Jones. Mr. Jones is a character that has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder or as a manic-depressive. The movie begins in one of Jones’ highs or manic episode. He is a child in an adult’s body; he feels invincible, like he can do anything. The first episode that sends him into the mental hospital is when he walks out on a high beam at a construction site thinking that he can fly. His second episode is at a symphony concert; he jumps on stage and tries to lead the orchestra, feeling he could do a better job then the conductor. His doctor, Dr. Elizabeth Brown, diagnosed Jones with bipolar disorder because he has impaired judgment, he is highly agitated, he has rapid speech, and audio hallucinations. He is unable to fell pleasure, and he has major mood swings. When he was in the hospital he was depressed most of the time; he missed his highs because they were fun. When he had his downs they tended to be destructive; he overreacted when he did not get his way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie seemed to be very accurate to what we learned in class an... ...ves. The movie Girl Interrupted is a true story about a young woman who was put into a mental institute and diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Winona Ryder plays Susanna, who was just a girl who had a hard time telling the difference between dreams and reality. She was put into the hospital because she tried to commit suicide by taking a bottle of aspirin and drinking a bottle of vodka at the same time. When Susanna first got to the hospital, she did not feel that she needed to be there. However, she did agree that she was depressed and needed to rest. She also had a hard time developing healthy relationships and could not distinguish an identity for herself. During the time before she realized she had a problem she had flashbacks of the moments that may have led to her disorder. Because she wanted to get out of the hospital, she began to tell her doctors every thought she had. By doing this she cured herself. Susanna finally knew what she wanted to do and who she wanted to b e. Overall this movie did an awesome job of depicting all the disorders in the movie as well as borderline personality disorder. This movie is one of my favorites; I would recommend it to anyone.